• Oren Tamary, Arnon Yaari, Zafnat Prokocimer-Yair, Roi Feldman, Ron Berant, Ron Jacob, and Nir Samuel.
• From the Emergency Department, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petakh Tikva, Israel.
• Pediatr Emerg Care. 2024 May 1; 40 (5): 386389386-389.

ObjectivePigtail thoracostomy (PT) has become the mainstay technique for the drainage of pediatric pleuropneumonic effusions (PLPe). However, its efficacy and complication profile has been questioned when compared with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and larger bore traditional tube thoracostomy. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and complications associated with PT.MethodsA cross-sectional study at a freestanding tertiary children's hospital. We extracted the medical records of all children aged younger than 18 years treated with PT for PLPe from June 2016 to June 2020. The primary efficacy outcome was treatment failure defined as the need for a repeat drainage procedure, thoracostomy, or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Secondary efficacy outcomes were length of hospital stay (LOS) and duration of in situ PT. The primary safety outcomes were adverse events during or after insertion. We also recorded any associated complications.ResultsDuring the study period, 55 children required PT. The median age was 25 months (interquartile range, 14-52) and 58.2% were boys. Eight (14.4%) were bacteremic or in septic shock. There were no adverse events related to insertion. Forty-two (76.3%) children were treated with fibrinolysis. There were 2 (3.6%) treatment failures. The median LOS and PT durations were 13 and 4 days (interquartile ranges, 10-14.8, 3-6.7), respectively. Eight (14.4%) children experienced complications that were nonoperatively managed.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that PT drainage offers a safe and highly effective option for managing PLPe and carries a very low failure rate.Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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