• Emma Viikinkoski, Jenni Aittokallio, Joonas Lehto, Helena Ollila, Arto Relander, Tuija Vasankari, Juho Jalkanen, Jarmo Gunn, Sirpa Jalkanen, Juhani Airaksinen, Maija Hollmén, and Tuomas O Kiviniemi.
• Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
• J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2024 Mar 1; 38 (3): 709716709-716.

ObjectivesCardiac surgery induces systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), leading to higher morbidity and mortality. There are no individualized predictors for worse outcomes or biomarkers for the multifactorial, excessive inflammatory response. The interest of this study was to evaluate whether a systematic use of the SIRS criteria could be used to predict postoperative outcomes beyond infection and sepsis, and if the development of an exaggerated inflammation response could be observed preoperatively.DesignThe study was observational, with prospectively enrolled patients.SettingThis was a single institution study in a hospital setting combined with laboratory findings.ParticipantsThe study included a cohort of 261 volunteer patients.InterventionsPatients underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, and were followed up to 90 days. Biomarker profiling was run preoperatively.Measurements And Main ResultsAltogether, 17 of 261 (6.4%) patients had prolonged SIRS, defined as fulfilling at least 2 criteria on 4 consecutive postoperative days. During hospitalization, postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) was found in 42.2% of patients, and stroke and transient ischemic attack in 3.8% of patients. Prolonged SIRS was a significant predictor of POAF (odds ratio [OR] 4.5, 95% CI 1.2-17.3), 90-day stroke (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.1-18.0), and mortality (OR 10.7, 95% CI 1.7-68.8). Biomarker assays showed that preoperative nerve growth factor and interleukin 5 levels were associated with prolonged SIRS (OR 5.6, 95%, CI 1.4-23.2 and OR 0.7, 95%, CI 0.4-1.0, respectively).ConclusionsNerve growth factor and interleukin 5 can be used to predict prolonged systemic inflammatory response, which is associated with POAF, stroke, and mortality.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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