• Nasim Ahmed, Larissa Russo, and Yen-Hong Kuo.
• Department of Surgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA; Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, New Jersey, USA. Electronic address: nasim.ahmed@hmhn.org.
• World Neurosurg. 2024 Apr 1; 184: e195e202e195-e202.

BackgroundEarly operative intervention, craniotomy, and/or craniectomy are occasionally warranted in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Persistent increased intracranial pressure or accumulation of intracranial hematoma postsurgery can result in higher mortality and morbidity. There is a gap in information regarding the outcome of repeat surgery (RS) in pediatric patients with severe TBI.MethodsAn observational cohort study titled Approaches and Decisions in Acute Pediatric TBI Trial data was obtained from the Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury Research Informatics System. All pediatric patients who underwent craniotomy or decompressive craniectomy, survived more than 44 hours and were found to have persistent elevated intracranial pressure >20 mmHg for 2 consecutive hours were included in the study. The purpose of the study was to find the outcomes of RS in pediatric severe TBI. Propensity based matching was used to find the outcomes. The primary outcome was 60-day mortality.ResultsOut of 1000 total patients enrolled in the Approaches and Decisions in Acute Pediatric Trial, 160 patients qualified for this study. Propensity score matching created 13 pairs of patients. There were no significant differences found between the groups who had RS versus those who did not have repeat surgery on baseline characteristics. There were no significant differences found between the groups regarding 60-day mortality, median hospital days, median intensive care unit days, and 6-month favorable outcome on Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended score.ConclusionsThere was no difference in mortality between patients who underwent a second surgery and patients who did not have to undergo a second surgery.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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