• Claire Richardson, Karin Daniels, Andrea Confer, Andrew J Saxon, Adam J Gordon, Joseph Liberto, Anthony P Albanese, John Renner, Ellen Edens, and Amy J Kennedy.
• VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
• J Gen Intern Med. 2024 Jun 1; 39 (8): 139313991393-1399.

BackgroundSubstance use disorders (SUDs) are prevalent in the USA yet remain dramatically undertreated. To address this care gap, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) approved revisions to the Program Requirements for Graduate Medical Education (GME) in Internal Medicine, effective July 1, 2022, requiring addiction medicine training for all internal medicine (IM) residents. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is a clinical training site for many academic institutions that sponsor IM residencies. This focus group project evaluated VHA IM residency site directors' perspectives about providing addiction medical education within VHA IM training sites.ObjectiveTo better understand the current state, barriers to, and facilitators of IM resident addiction medicine training at VHA sites.DesignThis was a qualitative evaluation based on semi-structured video-based focus groups.ParticipantsParticipants were VHA IM site directors based at a VHA hospital or clinic throughout the USA.ApproachFocus groups were conducted using a semi-structured group interview guide. Two investigators coded each focus group independently, then met to create a final adjudicated coding scheme. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes.Key ResultsForty-three participants from 38 VHA sites participated in four focus groups (average size: 11 participants). Six themes were identified within four pre-defined categories. Current state of training: most VHA sites offered no formal training in addiction medicine for IM residents. Barriers: addiction experts are often located outside of IM settings, and ACGME requirements were non-specific. Facilitators: clinical champions help support addiction training. Desired next steps: participants desired incentives to train or hire local champions and a pre-packaged didactic curriculum.ConclusionsDeveloping competent clinical champions and leveraging VHA addiction specialists from non-IM settings would create more addiction training opportunities for IM trainees at VHA sites. These insights can likely be applied to IM training at non-VHA sites.© 2024. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.

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