• J. Korean Med. Sci. · Feb 2024

    The Risk of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus According to Offspring's Birthweight in Women With Normal Body Mass Index: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

    • Young Mi Jung, Wonyoung Wi, Kyu-Dong Cho, Su Jung Hong, Ho Yeon Kim, Ki Hoon Ahn, Soon-Cheol Hong, Hai-Joong Kim, Min-Jeong Oh, and Geum Joon Cho.
    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
    • J. Korean Med. Sci. 2024 Feb 5; 39 (5): e50e50.

    BackgroundMaladaptation to vascular, metabolic, and physiological changes during pregnancy can lead to fetal growth disorders. Moreover, adverse outcomes during pregnancy can further increase the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in mothers. Delivering a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) baby may indicate a pre-existing metabolic dysfunction, whereas delivering a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) baby may indicate a pre-existing vascular dysfunction. This study aims to assess the risk of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in women with normal body mass index (BMI) scores who did not experience gestational DM or hypertensive disorders during pregnancy based on the offspring's birthweight.MethodsThis retrospective nationwide study included women with normal BMI scores who delivered a singleton baby after 37 weeks. Women with a history of DM or HTN before pregnancy and those with gestational DM or hypertensive disorders, were excluded from the study. We compared the risk of future maternal outcomes (HTN and DM) according to the offspring's birthweight. Multivariate analyses were performed to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for the future risk of HTN or DM.ResultsA total of 64,037 women were included in the analysis. Of these, women who delivered very LGA babies (birthweight > 97th percentile) were at a higher risk of developing DM than those who delivered appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) babies (adjusted HR = 1.358 [1.068-1.727]), and women who delivered very SGA babies (birthweight < 3rd percentile) were at a higher risk of developing HTN than those who delivered AGA babies (adjusted HR = 1.431 [1.181-1.734]), even after adjusting for age, parity, gestational age at delivery, fetal sex, maternal BMI score, and a history of smoking.ConclusionThese findings provide a novel support for the use of the offspring's birthweight as a predictor of future maternal diseases such as HTN and DM.© 2024 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences.

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