• Aldo Eguiluz-Melendez, Marcos Vinicius Sangrador-Deitos, P Juan Calderón-Yrigoyen, A Luis Rodríguez-Hernández, Y Gerardo Guinto-Nishimura, J Roberto Alcazar-Felix, Silvia Caballero-Delgado, A Lesly Portocarrero-Ortiz, Cristopher Valencia-Ramos, and L Juan Gómez-Amador.
• Department of Neurological Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurological Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico.
• World Neurosurg. 2024 Apr 1; 184: e659e673e659-e673.

BackgroundGiant pituitary adenomas (GPAs) are defined as tumors with ≥40 mm in any maximum diameter, and these tend to invade multiple intracranial compartments. Hence, treatment remains a surgical challenge.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical and surgical outcomes of the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for GPA in a pituitary referral center in Latin America and to analyze associated predictive factors.Methods37 patients with histologically-confirmed GPA treated solely through the EEA between a 2-year period were included. Preoperative and postoperative clinical and neuroimaging findings; surgical morbidity and mortality; and binary logistic regression analysis to assess predictive factors were analyzed.ResultsPreoperative visual impairment prevalence was 97.3%. Mean tumor volume was 32 cc and gross total resection rate was 40.5%. Favorable visual acuity and visual fields outcome rate was 75% and 82.9%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, bilateral cavernous sinus invasion (P = 0.018) and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak (P = 0.036) were associated with an unfavorable visual acuity outcome, while radiation therapy (P = 0.035) was for visual fields. Similarly, intraoperative CSF leak was a predictive factor for postoperative CSF leak (10.8%) (P = 0.042) and vascular injury (13.5%) (P = 0.048).ConclusionsIn this first Mexican clinical series, we demonstrated that the EEA is a safe and effective technique for GPA, although early diagnosis and prompt intervention may promote further visual function preservation without significant endocrine morbidity.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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