• Christian Razo, Linda Morales-Juárez, Jack Cagney, María Jesús Ríos-Blancas, and Alejandra Montoya.
• Department of Health Metrics Sciences, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
• Gac Med Mex. 2023 Jan 1; 159 (6): 523531523-531.

BackgroundOver the past decades, Mexico's health landscape has shifted from infectious to non-communicable diseases and violence, mirroring lifestyle, urbanization, and developmental changes.ObjectiveTo describe the impact of risk factors on health in Mexico from 1990 to 2021.Material And MethodsUsing the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study estimates, we describe risk factor-related mortality and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in Mexico (1990-2021) by age, sex, and state of the country.ResultsIn 2021, risk factors led to 14.9 (12.9-16.7) million DALYs, which accounted for 32.4% of Mexico's burden. Metabolic risks, with 19.8% (17.0-21.9%), were the main contributors. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized all-cause mortality rate associated with metabolic risks increased by 6.5%, while behavioral and environmental risks decreased by more than 50%, with marked variations between states. The predominant risk factors shifted from malnutrition and unsafe water and sanitation in 1990 to high glucose and body mass index in 2021. Malnutrition-related risks have the highest impact on health loss in children younger than 5 years.ConclusionMexico faces a dual health challenge: childhood malnutrition persists, and adult metabolic risks are on the rise, particularly in less developed states, with targeted interventions for traditional and emerging health threats being required.Copyright: © 2023 Permanyer.

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