• Martin Cousineau, Vedat Verter, and Gustavo Turecki.
• Department of Logistics and Operations Management, HEC Montréal, 3000 chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 2A7, Canada. Email: martin.cousineau@hec.ca.
• Am J Manag Care. 2024 Feb 1; 30 (2): e52e58e52-e58.

ObjectivesThis study determined whether naturally occurring but significantly different outpatient follow-up frequencies are associated with clinical outcomes and service waiting times.Study DesignLongitudinal retrospective study.MethodsThis study was conducted in an outpatient setting. Participants consisted of 340 patients with major depressive disorder who were randomly assigned to 4 psychiatrists and were followed at a variable frequency defined by the clinician. Patients were assessed at baseline and at every visit with structured interviews and self-reported questionnaires. These groups were also compared according to their baseline characteristics, treatment, and appointment frequencies. Little's law was used to estimate the impact of modifying the appointment frequencies on the service waiting time.ResultsThe demographic variables, prescriptions, and depression severity at intake of patients across the 4 groups were similar. The mean times between appointments of the 4 groups were significantly different (87.0, 46.9, 67.9, and 61.5 days, respectively; P  < .001), but these differences in outpatient follow-up frequency were not associated with clinical outcomes (eg, mean last Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report score, 10.5, 10.0, 11.9, and 9.7; P  = .25). However, different outpatient follow-up frequencies had an estimated impact on waiting times for access to care; using Little's law, it was observed that the waiting list would be eliminated by reducing by 23.9% the follow-up frequencies of the 3 psychiatrists with the highest frequencies.ConclusionsAlthough variations in appointment frequencies do not appear to have a major impact on clinical outcomes, they could be managed to achieve significant improvements in the accessibility of the clinic.

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