• Katie Joskowitz, Utsav M Patwardhan, Gretchen M Floan, Megan Heflinger, Sheena Cruz, Maya David, Priyanka Jadhav, Shalon Nienow, Hari Thangarajah, and Romeo C Ignacio.
• From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, CA (Joskowitz, Patwardhan, Heflinger, Cruz, David, Jadhav, Thangarajah, Ignacio).
• J. Am. Coll. Surg. 2024 May 1; 238 (5): 801807801-807.

BackgroundNonaccidental trauma (NAT), or child abuse, is a leading cause of childhood injury and death in the US. Studies demonstrate that military-affiliated individuals are at greater risk of mental health complication and family violence, including child maltreatment. There is limited information about the outcomes of military children who experience NAT. This study compares the outcomes between military-dependent and civilian children diagnosed with NAT.Study DesignA single-institution, retrospective review of children admitted with confirmed NAT at a Level I trauma center was performed. Data were collected from the institutional trauma registry and the Child Abuse Team's database. Military affiliation was identified using insurance status and parental or caregiver self-reported active-duty status. Demographic and clinical data including hospital length of stay (LOS), morbidity, specialty consult, and mortality were compared.ResultsAmong 535 patients, 11.8% (n = 63) were military-affiliated. The median age of military-associated patients, 3 months (interquartile range [IQR] 1 to 7), was significantly younger than civilian patients, 7 months (IQR 3 to 18, p < 0.001). Military-affilif:ated patients had a longer LOS of 4 days (IQR 2 to 11) vs 2 days (IQR 1 to 7, p = 0.041), increased morbidity or complication (3 vs 2 counts, p = 0.002), and a higher mortality rate (10% vs 4%, p = 0.048). No significant difference was observed in the number of consults or injuries, trauma activation, or need for surgery.ConclusionsMilitary-affiliated children diagnosed with NAT experience more adverse outcomes than civilian patients. Increased LOS, morbidity or complication, and mortality suggest military-affiliated patients experience more life-threatening NAT at a younger age. Larger studies are required to further examine this population and better support at-risk families.Copyright © 2024 by the American College of Surgeons. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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