• Kyung-Jae Cho, Kwan Hyung Kim, Jaewoo Choi, Dongjoon Yoo, and Jeongmin Kim.
• Department of Research and Development, VUNO, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
• Crit. Care Med. 2024 Mar 1; 52 (3): e110e120e110-e120.

ObjectivesThe limitations of current early warning scores have prompted the development of deep learning-based systems, such as deep learning-based cardiac arrest risk management systems (DeepCARS). Unfortunately, in South Korea, only two institutions operate 24-hour Rapid Response System (RRS), whereas most hospitals have part-time or no RRS coverage at all. This study validated the predictive performance of DeepCARS during RRS operation and nonoperation periods and explored its potential beyond RRS operating hours.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingIn this 1-year retrospective study conducted at Yonsei University Health System Severance Hospital in South Korea, DeepCARS was compared with conventional early warning systems for predicting in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). The study focused on adult patients admitted to the general ward, with the primary outcome being IHCA-prediction performance within 24 hours of the alarm.PatientsWe analyzed the data records of adult patients admitted to a general ward from September 1, 2019, to August 31, 2020.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsPerformance evaluation was conducted separately for the operational and nonoperational periods of the RRS, using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) as the metric. DeepCARS demonstrated a superior AUROC as compared with the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) and the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), both during RRS operating and nonoperating hours. Although the MEWS and NEWS exhibited varying performance across the two periods, DeepCARS showed consistent performance.ConclusionsThe accuracy and efficiency for predicting IHCA of DeepCARS were superior to that of conventional methods, regardless of whether the RRS was in operation. These findings emphasize that DeepCARS is an effective screening tool suitable for hospitals with full-time RRS, part-time RRS, and even those without any RRS.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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