• Michele Carella, Florian Beck, Caroline Quoilin, Murielle M Azongmo, Adrien Loheac, Vincent L Bonhomme, and Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse.
• Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium mcarella@chuliege.be.
• Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2024 Feb 27.

Background And ObjectivesPerioperative psychological stress and pharmacological anxiolysis can negatively affect the quality of recovery after total knee arthroplasty. We aimed to assess whether hypnosis combined with virtual reality could reduce intraoperative pharmacological sedation and improve quality of recovery after total knee arthroplasty surgery.MethodsIn this prospective randomized clinical trial, 60 patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty with spinal anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups of 30 patients each. Intraoperatively, intermittent boluses of midazolam 1 mg were administered at 5 min intervals at the patient's request, with a maximum driven by the clinical assessment of sedation depth. During surgery, patients received standard care (group control) or virtual reality hypnosis (group VRH). An unblinded observer recorded the total dose of midazolam administered during surgery, and changes in the Quality-of-Recovery 15-item score, comfort, fatigue, pain and anxiety before and 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery.ResultsPatients in the VRH group required a lower dose of midazolam (mg; median (range)) intraoperatively (group VRH: 0 (0-4) and group control: 2 (0-9), p<0.001). Quality-of-Recovery 15-item, anxiety, and pain were similar between groups.ConclusionsIn total knee arthroplasty with spinal anesthesia, VRH reduces the requirement for intraoperative pharmacological sedation, without a change in the quality of recovery.Trial Registration NumberNCT05707234.© American Society of Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

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