• Masakazu Toi, Takayuki Kinoshita, John R Benson, Ismail Jatoi, Masako Kataoka, Wonshik Han, Chikako Yamauchi, Takashi Inamoto, and Masahiro Takada.
• Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. Electronic address: masakazu_toi@tmhp.jp.
• Lancet Oncol. 2024 Mar 1; 25 (3): e114e125e114-e125.

AbstractNon-surgical ablation is emerging as an alternative local therapy option for patients with early-stage breast cancer and encompasses two main types of percutaneous therapeutic procedures: radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation. Both techniques involve obliteration of a spherical lesion and feasibility studies have shown that complete tumour ablation is achievable with good or excellent cosmetic results. Although few clinical studies have directly compared non-surgical ablation with conventional surgical resection, observational studies indicate that clinical outcomes are favourable with acceptable rates of local control and no detriment to long-term survival. There remain outstanding issues with these percutaneous ablative techniques that require resolution before they could be incorporated into routine clinical practice. Hence, a consensus meeting was convened to discuss the challenges of non-surgical ablation and clarify indications for its use alongside clinical management pathways. In this Policy Review we will address some of the broader biological aspects of non-surgical ablation, including immune-modulatory effects and potential novel applications for the future.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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