• Amnon Gil, Daniel Kushnir, and Victor Frajewicki.
• Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Lin Medical Center, Haifa, Israel, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
• Isr Med Assoc J. 2024 Jan 1; 26 (1): 182318-23.

BackgroundThere are conflicting data on the significance of hyperuricemia or hyperuricosuria in urolithiasis formation and on the need for medical treatment.ObjectivesTo assess the significance of hyperuricemia or hyperuricosuria in urolithiasis formation, particularly when hyperuricemia occurs with normal uricosuria.MethodsThe electronic medical records of patients treated in Haifa and the Western Galilee district of Clalit Health Services, Israel, were retrospectively screened for diagnosis of nephrolithiasis or renal or urinary tract/bladder calculi between February 2014 and April 2019. The diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography or computed tomography. The study group included patients with one of these diagnoses. Patients in the control group did not have these diagnoses. The inclusion criterion for all patients was the presence of both serum and urinary uric acid levels.ResultsThe study group included 359 patients and the control group 267. After adjustment by logistic regression, we found no significant differences in the prevalence of hyperuricosuria in the study group (14.8%) compared to the control group (9.7%), odds ratio (OR) 1.54 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.74-3.2, P = 0.245). No significant differences between the groups were observed for hyperuricemia prevalence (45.4% vs. 55.1%, respectively, OR 0.82, 95%CI 0.54-1.25, P = 0.355), nor among those without hyperuricosuria (OR 0.83, 95%CI 0.52-1.33, P = 0.438) and after propensity score matching (OR 0.93, 95%CI 0.66-1.3, P = 0.655).ConclusionsThere were no significant differences in hyperuricemia or hyperuricosuria between the two groups of patients or in hyperuricemia among participants without hyperuricosuria.

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