• Idit Tessler, Amit Wolfovitz, Nir Livneh, Nir A Gecel, Vera Sorin, Yiftach Barash, Eli Konen, and Eyal Klang.
• Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, ARC Innovation Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
• Isr Med Assoc J. 2024 Feb 1; 26 (2): 808580-85.

BackgroundAdvancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) have led to the development of language models such as ChatGPT. These models have the potential to transform healthcare and medical research. However, understanding their applications and limitations is essential.ObjectivesTo present a view of ChatGPT research and to critically assess ChatGPT's role in medical writing and clinical environments.MethodsWe performed a literature review via the PubMed search engine from 20 November 2022, to 23 April 2023. The search terms included ChatGPT, OpenAI, and large language models. We included studies that focused on ChatGPT, explored its use or implications in medicine, and were original research articles. The selected studies were analyzed considering study design, NLP tasks, main findings, and limitations.ResultsOur study included 27 articles that examined ChatGPT's performance in various tasks and medical fields. These studies covered knowledge assessment, writing, and analysis tasks. While ChatGPT was found to be useful in tasks such as generating research ideas, aiding clinical reasoning, and streamlining workflows, limitations were also identified. These limitations included inaccuracies, inconsistencies, fictitious information, and limited knowledge, highlighting the need for further improvements.ConclusionsThe review underscores ChatGPT's potential in various medical applications. Yet, it also points to limitations that require careful human oversight and responsible use to improve patient care, education, and decision-making.

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