• Terry C Davis, Michael S Wolf, Pat F Bass, Mark Middlebrooks, Estela Kennen, David W Baker, Charles L Bennett, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Anna Bocchini, Stephanie Savory, and Ruth M Parker.
• Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71104, USA. tdavis1@lsuhsc.edu
• J Gen Intern Med. 2006 Aug 1; 21 (8): 847851847-51.

BackgroundAdverse events resulting from medication error are a serious concern. Patients' literacy and their ability to understand medication information are increasingly seen as a safety issue.ObjectiveTo examine whether adult patients receiving primary care services at a public hospital clinic were able to correctly interpret commonly used prescription medication warning labels.DesignIn-person structured interviews with literacy assessment.SettingPublic hospital, primary care clinic.ParticipantsA total of 251 adult patients waiting for an appointment at the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport (LSUHSC-S) Primary Care Clinic.MeasurementsCorrect interpretation, as determined by expert panel review of patients' verbatim responses, for each of 8 commonly used prescription medication warning labels.ResultsApproximately one-third of patients (n=74) were reading at or below the 6th-grade level (low literacy). Patient comprehension of warning labels was associated with one's literacy level. Multistep instructions proved difficult for patients across all literacy levels. After controlling for relevant potential confounding variables, patients with low literacy were 3.4 times less likely to interpret prescription medication warning labels correctly (95% confidence interval: 2.3 to 4.9).ConclusionsPatients with low literacy had difficulty understanding prescription medication warning labels. Patients of all literacy levels had better understanding of warning labels that contained single-step versus multiple-step instructions. Warning labels should be developed with consumer participation, especially with lower literate populations, to ensure comprehension of short, concise messages created with familiar words and recognizable icons.

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