• Ana Carolina Varella, Itamar Souza Santos, Marcos Rafael Nogueira Cavalcante, Isabela Martins Benseñor, and Paulo Andrade Lotufo.
• Universidade de São Paulo, Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research - São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
• Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2024 Jan 1; 70 (1): e20230969e20230969.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether sex, age, race, income, education, and marital status are associated with having a religion in a sample of Brazilian men and women.MethodsData were obtained from 15,098 participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, a longitudinal study that ultimately aims to investigate long-term outcomes of chronic diseases. The sociodemographic characteristics and data on religion status were self-reported during interviews conducted by trained personnel. All study procedures followed standard and validated protocols.ResultsThere was a strong association between being a woman and having a religion (adjusted OR=2.12, 95%CI 1.95-2.31) when compared to men. Regarding age, those with 45-54 years were more likely to have a religion (adjusted OR=1.14, 95%CI 1.03-1.27). Blacks and Browns were more religious (adjusted OR=1.31, 95%CI 1.15-1.49, and OR=1.22, 95%CI 1.10-1.34, respectively) compared to Whites. Those with high income and education were less likely to state having a religion (adjusted OR=0.78, 95%CI 0.70-0.87, and adjusted OR=0.50, 95%CI 0.43-0.59, respectively). Those who did not have a stable conjugal union were found to be less religious (adjusted OR=0.82, 95%CI 0.75-0.89). Stratifying the analysis according to income showed that higher education was inversely associated with religion on both strata: lower and higher annual earnings.ConclusionThis study suggests that education is one of the most important socioeconomic characteristics to consider when studying religion. Race, sex, income, and marital status are also important factors; however, there was not a clear association between religion and age.

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