• Niccolò Buetti, Alexis Tabah, Nour Setti, Stéphane Ruckly, François Barbier, Murat Akova, Abdullah Tarik Aslan, Marc Leone, Matteo Bassetti, Andrew Conway Morris, Kostoula Arvaniti, José-Artur Paiva, Ricard Ferrer, Haibo Qiu, Giorgia Montrucchio, Andrea Cortegiani, Bircan Kayaaslan, Liesbet De Bus, Jan J De Waele, Jean-François Timsit, and EUROBACT-2 Study Group, the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, the Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Infections in Critically Ill Patients (ESGCIP), and the OUTCOMEREA Network.
• Infection Control Program, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre, Geneva, Switzerland. niccolo.buetti@gmail.com.
• Intensive Care Med. 2024 Jun 1; 50 (6): 873889873-889.

PurposeThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between centre/country-based factors and two important process and outcome indicators in patients with hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HABSI).MethodsWe used data on HABSI from the prospective EUROBACT-2 study to evaluate the associations between centre/country factors on a process or an outcome indicator: adequacy of antimicrobial therapy within the first 24 h or 28-day mortality, respectively. Mixed logistical models with clustering by centre identified factors associated with both indicators.ResultsTwo thousand two hundred nine patients from two hundred one intensive care units (ICUs) were included in forty-seven countries. Overall, 51% (n = 1128) of patients received an adequate antimicrobial therapy and the 28-day mortality was 38% (n = 839). The availability of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for aminoglycosides everyday [odds ratio (OR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-2.14] or within a few hours (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.34-2.38), surveillance cultures for multidrug-resistant organism carriage performed weekly (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.09-1.93), and increasing Human Development Index (HDI) values were associated with adequate antimicrobial therapy. The presence of intermediate care beds (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47-0.84), TDM for aminoglycoside available everyday (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44-1.00) or within a few hours (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.37-0.70), 24/7 consultation of clinical pharmacists (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.95), percentage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) between 10% and 25% in the ICU (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.00-2.80), and decreasing HDI values were associated with 28-day mortality.ConclusionCentre/country factors should be targeted for future interventions to improve management strategies and outcome of HABSI in ICU patients.© 2024. The Author(s).

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