• So Hyun Ahn, Jee Hyang Jeong, Kyung Won Park, Eun-Joo Kim, Soo Jin Yoon, Bora Yoon, Jae-Won Jang, Yangki Minn, and Seong Hye Choi.
• Department of Neurology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
• Yonsei Med. J. 2024 Apr 1; 65 (4): 217226217-226.

PurposeResearch on the relationship between diet and dementia among Koreans are lacking. This study investigated the association between dietary habits and dementia progression over 3 years in patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD).Materials And MethodsThis study included 705 patients with mild-to-moderate ADD. Dietary habits were assessed using the Mini Dietary Assessment Index, comprising 10 questions. Outcome measures included the Clinical Dementia Rating scale-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), Seoul-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Caregiver-Administered Neuropsychiatric Inventory (CGA-NPI), and neuropsychological test battery (NTB) z-scores, which were evaluated annually over 3 years.ResultsIn Q10 (eat all food evenly without being picky), the 3-year mean differences in CDR-SB (increases in scores represent worsening) compared to the "rarely" group were -1.86 [95% confidence interval (CI)=-3.64 - -0.09, p=0.039] for the "usually" group and -2.23 (95% CI=-4.40 - -0.06, p=0.044) for the "always" group. In Q7 (add salt or soy sauce to food when eating), the 3-year mean differences in CDR-SB compared to the "always" group were -2.47 (95% CI=-4.70 - -0.24, p=0.030) for the "usually" group and -3.16 (95% CI=-5.36 - -0.96, p=0.005) for the "rarely" group. The "rarely" and "usually" groups in Q7 showed significantly less decline in NTB z-score and CGA-NPI compared to the "always" group.ConclusionEating a balanced diet and reducing salt intake were associated with a slower decline in dementia severity, cognition, and behavioral alterations in patients with ADD.© Copyright: Yonsei University College of Medicine 2024.

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