• Indian J Med Res · Feb 2024

    Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants: Post six months following two-dose & three-dose vaccination of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BBV152.

    • Pragya D Yadav, Viren Sardana, Gururaj Rao Deshpande, Pradnya V Shinde, ThangarajJeromie Wesley VivianJWVDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Leyanna S George, Gajanan N Sapkal, Deepak Y Patil, Rima R Sahay, Anita M Shete, Madhavi Joshi, Manoj Murhekar, Sheela Godbole, Nivedita Gupta, Satyartha Prakash, Mamta Rathore, Rajat Ujjainiya, Ajay Pratap Singh, Aastha Mishra, Debasis Dash, Kumardeep Chaudhary, Shantanu Sengupta, and ICMR Booster Dose Study Group.
    • Maximum Containment Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
    • Indian J Med Res. 2024 Feb 1; 159 (2): 223231223-231.

    Background ObjectivesThe Omicron sub-lineages are known to have higher infectivity, immune escape and lower virulence. During December 2022 - January 2023 and March - April 2023, India witnessed increased SARS-CoV-2 infections, mostly due to newer Omicron sub-lineages. With this unprecedented rise in cases, we assessed the neutralization potential of individuals vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV (Covishield) and BBV152 (Covaxin) against emerging Omicron sub-lineages.MethodsNeutralizing antibody responses were measured in the sera collected from individuals six months post-two doses (n=88) of Covishield (n=44) or Covaxin (n=44) and post-three doses (n=102) of Covishield (n=46) or Covaxin (n=56) booster dose against prototype B.1 strain, lineages of Omicron; XBB.1, BQ.1, BA.5.2 and BF.7.ResultsThe sera of individuals collected six months after the two-dose and the three-dose demonstrated neutralizing activity against all variants. The neutralizing antibody (NAbs) level was highest against the prototype B.1 strain, followed by BA5.2 (5-6 fold lower), BF.7 (11-12 fold lower), BQ.1 (12 fold lower) and XBB.1 (18-22 fold lower).Interpretation ConclusionsPersistence of NAb responses was comparable in individuals with two- and three-dose groups post six months of vaccination. Among the Omicron sub-variants, XBB.1 showed marked neutralization escape, thus pointing towards an eventual immune escape, which may cause more infections. Further, the correlation of study data with complete clinical profile of the participants along with observations for cell-mediated immunity may provide a clear picture for the sustained protection due to three-dose vaccination as well as hybrid immunity against the newer variants.Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Indian Journal of Medical Research.

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