• Adrián Peláez, Nerea Ruiz Del Árbol, Antonio Vázquez Sellán, José María Castellano, Joan B Soriano, Julio Ancochea, and José L Peñalvo.
• Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-HM Hospitales, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: apl00028@gmail.com.
• Med Clin (Barc). 2024 Jun 14; 162 (11): 523531523-531.

Background And ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact in population health worldwide, and particularly in people with pre-existing chronic diseases. Early risk identification and stratification is essential to reduce the impact of future outbreaks of pandemic potential. This study aimed to comprehensively examine factors associated with COVID-19 mortality across the pandemic waves in Spain.MethodsA retrospective study analyzed the characteristics of 13,974 patients admitted to Spanish hospitals due to SARS-CoV-2 infection from 2020-01-28 to 2022-12-31. The demographic and clinical features of patients during hospitalization on each pandemic waves were analyzed.Main FindingsThe findings highlight the heterogeneity of patient characteristics, comorbidities and outcomes, across the waves. The high prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases (53.9%) among COVID-19 patients emphasizes the importance of controlling these risk factors to prevent severe COVID-19 outcomes.ConclusionsIn summary, the study associate hospital mortality with factors such as advanced age and comorbidities. The decline in mortality after the 4th wave indicates potential influences like vaccination, viral adaptation, or improved treatments. Notably, dementia and cancer metastases emerge as critical factors linked to higher mortality, highlighting the importance of addressing these conditions in COVID-19 management and preparing for future challenges.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.

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