• Qing Li, Yong Liu, and Yang Yu.
• Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Dongnan University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Dec 1; 96 (51): e9272e9272.

RationalePeripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a kind of small round cell tumor derived from primitive neuroectodermal tumor.Patient ConcernsPNET is a highly malignant tumor that is subordinated to Ewing sarcoma. It occurs predominantly in soft tissue and bone and rarely in the bronchi and lung. Traditional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are used for the treatment of PNET, but are usually ineffective.DiagnosesThere was a rare case of a 17 year-old man diagnoses with primary pulmonary PNET.InterventionsThe patient was treated by the remedy treatment with thalidomide after the poor effect of conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy.OutcomesThe patient survived without disease progression for 15 months and was in stable condition.LessonsThalidomide provides a choice for maintenance therapy in PNET.Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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