• Reo Ohtsuka, Hodaka Amano, Kei Niida, Takeaki Yoshino, Michiyo Owari, Ryotaro Takano, Yuichi Akama, Yohei Watanabe, and Toshiyasu Iwao.
• Aidu Chuo Hospital, Aizuwakamatsu City, Japan.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Aug 1; 97 (31): e11723e11723.

RationaleColonoscopy has been used for screening and treatment of diseases worldwide. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has many major complications such as colon perforation and bleeding. However, cases of minor complications have also been reported. Here, we present a case of massive retroperitoneal hematoma, as a minor complication, after colonoscopy.Patient ConcernsA 57-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of abdominal pain. He had no past medical history relating to his present condition, and he received EMR at another hospital 11 days before his admission. Dynamic computed tomography (CT) was performed, which showed a massive retroperitoneal hematoma near the third portion of the duodenum.DiagnosisThe patient had a superior mesenteric vein injury after the colonoscopy.OutcomesThe patient did not complain of nausea or vomiting and was discharged after 43 days.LessonsAlthough massive retroperitoneal hematoma is a minor complication after colonoscopy, it can be life threatening; thus, we need to know more about this complication. Dynamic CT may be useful in detecting whether the bleeding occurs from the artery or not.

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