• Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Sep 2024

    Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Repair Features of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.

    • Chanèle Cyr-Depauw, David P Cook, Ivana Mižik, Flore Lesage, Arul Vadivel, Laurent Renesme, Yupu Deng, Shumei Zhong, Pauline Bardin, Liqun Xu, Marius A Möbius, Jenny Marzahn, Daniel Freund, Duncan J Stewart, Barbara C Vanderhyden, Mario Rüdiger, and Bernard Thébaud.
    • Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine and.
    • Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2024 Sep 15; 210 (6): 814827814-827.

    AbstractRationale: The chronic lung disease bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most severe complication of extreme prematurity. BPD results in impaired lung alveolar and vascular development and long-term respiratory morbidity, for which only supportive therapies exist. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) improve lung structure and function in experimental BPD. Results of clinical trials with MSCs for many disorders do not yet match the promising preclinical studies. A lack of specific criteria to define functionally distinct MSCs persists. Objectives: To determine and correlate single-cell UC-MSC transcriptomic profiles with therapeutic potential. Methods: UC-MSCs from five term donors and human neonatal dermal fibroblasts (HNDFs; control cells of mesenchymal origin) transcriptomes were investigated using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis. The lung-protective effect of UC-MSCs with a distinct transcriptome and control HNDFs was tested in vivo in hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury in rats. Measurements and Main Results: UC-MSCs showed limited transcriptomic heterogeneity but were different from HNDFs. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed distinct (progenitor-like and fibroblast-like) UC-MSC subpopulations. Only treatment with progenitor-like UC-MSCs improved lung function and structure and attenuated pulmonary hypertension in hyperoxia-exposed rat pups. Moreover, scRNA-seq identified major histocompatibility complex class I as a molecular marker of nontherapeutic cells and associated with decreased lung retention. Conclusions: UC-MSCs with a progenitor-like transcriptome, but not with a fibroblast-like transcriptome, provide lung protection in experimental BPD. High expression of major histocompatibility complex class I is associated with reduced therapeutic benefit. scRNA-seq may be useful to identify subsets of MSCs with superior repair capacity for clinical application.

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