• Neurocritical care · Oct 2024

    The Impact of Enteral Nimodipine on Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in an Animal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model.

    • Young Dae Cho, Hyoung Soo Byoun, Kwang Hyon Park, Young Il Won, and Jeongwook Lim.
    • Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
    • Neurocrit Care. 2024 Oct 1; 41 (2): 608618608-618.

    BackgroundEnteral nimodipine is the most evidence-based and widely used drug for the treatment of delayed cerebral ischemia and is known to have various neuroprotective functions. However, the neuroprotective mechanism of nimodipine still remains unclear, and the effects of nimodipine remain ambiguous. Herein, we studied the effect of enteral nimodipine on endothelial apoptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).MethodsSAH was experimentally introduced in white rabbits (n = 42) that were grouped as follows: enteral nimodipine (SAH-nimodipine group, n = 14), a control that received normal saline (SAH-saline group, n = 13), and a control without hemorrhage (control group, n = 15). On the third day after SAH induction, the brain stem, including the vertebrobasilar vascular system, was extracted. The effects of enteral nimodipine were analyzed by group using histopathologic analysis, including immunohistochemical staining of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl2 [anti-apoptotic] and Bax [pro-apoptotic]).ResultsCytoplasmic vacuolation of smooth muscle cells was observed in two SAH hemorrhagic groups and was more prominent in the SAH-saline group. Endothelial desquamation was observed only in the SAH-saline group. For the basilar artery, expression of Bcl2 and Bax in the SAH-nimodipine group was lower than that in the SAH-saline group, but significant differences were not observed (pBcl2 = 0.311 and pBax = 0.720, respectively). In penetrated arterioles, the expression of Bax in the SAH-nimodipine group was significantly lower than that of the SAH-saline group (p < 0.001). The thickness of the tunica media in the basilar artery was thinner in the SAH-nimodipine group than in the SAH-saline group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study suggests that enteral nimodipine may have a neuroprotective function by inhibiting endothelial apoptosis in small arterioles and preventing smooth muscle cell proliferation in large arteries.© 2024. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and Neurocritical Care Society.

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