• Saishuo Chang, Shen Yang, Tong Yu, Qi Zhang, Yu Lin, Qinghua Ren, Haiyan Cheng, Xiaofeng Chang, Zhiyun Zhu, Siyu Cai, Jun Feng, Jianyu Han, Wei Yang, Hong Qin, and Huanmin Wang.
• Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China.
• Ann. Surg. 2024 Apr 1.

Background And AimsSurgery is pivotal in the management of neuroblastoma (NB), particularly in patients with Image-Defined Risk Factors (IDRFs). The International Neuroblastoma Surgical Report Form (INSRF) was introduced to enhance surgical reporting quality and analyze the defining role of extensive surgery in NB. This study reports our experience with INSRF and explores new criteria for evaluating the extent of surgical resection.MethodsINSRF was deployed to critically analyze 166 patients with abdominal or pelvic NB who underwent surgery at our department between October 2021 and June 2023. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, surgical datasets, and postoperative complications were described in detail. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to explore a new method to evaluate the extent of resection. A questionnaire was formulated to obtain attitudes/feedback and commentary from surgical oncologists with INSRF.Results166 neuroblastoma patients with a median disease age 36.50 months. This study collated 320 INSRF reports. Among the 166 index cases, 137 were documented by two surgeons, with a concordance rate of 16.78%. Items with high inconsistency were (i) the extent of tumor resection (29.20%), (ii) renal vein involvement (25.55%), (iii) abdominal aorta encasement (16.79%), and (iv) mesenteric infiltration (17.52%). According to INSRF, the extent of resection was complete excision in 86 (51.81%) patients, minimal residual tumor < 5 cm3 in 67 (40.36%) patients, and incomplete excision > 5 cm3 in 13 (7.83%) patients. In ROC curve analysis, the number of vessels encased by tumors > 3 had a high predictive value in determining that a tumor could not be completely resected (AUC 0.916, sensitivity 0.838, specificity 0.826) using INSRF as the gold standard reference. The questionnaires showed that surgeons agreed that the extent of resection and tumor involvement of organ/vascular structures were important, while the definition and intervention(s) of intraoperative complications were less operational and understandable.ConclusionsINSRF has significant clinical application in neuroblastoma surgery. The extent of resection can be predicted based on the number of tumor-encased blood vessels. Supplementary information should be considered with the INSRF to aid practitioner reporting. Multicenter studies are needed to explore the defining role of INSRF in NB surgical management.Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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