• Jiun-Jia Li and Chin-Fong Au.
• Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Apr 12; 103 (15): e37623e37623.

ObjectiveTo emphasize preventive measures and outline management strategies for inadvertent ureteral cannulation.MethodsWe present a case report and conduct a literature review of 39 case reports on ureteral cannulation, examining a total of 48 patients.ResultsAbout 67% of the cases were female, and long-term catheterization was observed in 67% of the cases. Neurological conditions such as spinal cord injury (SCI), stroke, dementia, multiple sclerosis, and myasthenia gravis were the primary factors (48%) in ureteral cannulation. Symptoms included flank pain (46%), fever (31%), oliguria (27%), non-deflatable balloon issues (25%), hematuria (21%), abdominal pain (17%), urine leak (12.5%), and nausea/vomiting (8%). Complications varied, including acute pyelonephritis (35%), acute kidney injury (27%), urosepsis (21%), and ureter rupture (17%). Despite inadvertent catheter placement, 25% of patients had no complications. More than half of the patients (58%) were managed through catheter change, while 27% underwent cysto-ureteroscopy with or without balloon puncture or ureteral stenting. Additionally, 10% received interventional radiology procedures, 6.25% underwent surgical repair, and 4% underwent ultrasound-guided balloon puncture.ConclusionsFemale gender, neurologic conditions, and long-term catheterization were identified as predominant risk factors. Early detection of ureteral cannulation can prevent severe complications, particularly in certain special populations such as patients with neurogenic bladder or SCI, who may have reduced sensation and expression capabilities.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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