• Mallory Jebbia, Stephen Stopenski, Areg Grigorian, Catherine Kuza, Samuel Bloom, Pranthi Rao, Claudia Alvarez, Matthew Dolich, Ninh Nguyen, and Jeffry Nahmias.
• From the Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, Departments of Surgery (Jebbia, Stopenski, Grigorian, Bloom, Rao, Alvarez, Dolich, Nahmias), University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA.
• J. Am. Coll. Surg. 2024 Oct 1; 239 (4): 355362355-362.

BackgroungMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) encompasses a spectrum of disability including early cognitive impairment (ECI). The Brain Injury Guidelines suggest that patients with mTBI can be safely discharged from the emergency department. Although half of patients with mTBI with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) have evidence of ECI, it is unclear what percentage of these patients' ECI persists after discharge. We hypothesize a significant proportion of trauma patients with mTBI and ECI at presentation have persistent ECI at 30-day follow-up.Study DesignA single-center prospective cohort study including adult trauma patients with ICH or skull fracture and a Glasgow Coma Scale of 13 to 15 on arrival was performed. Participants were screened for ECI using the Rancho Los Amigos Scale (RLA), and ECI was defined as an RLA less than 8. We compared ECI and non-ECI groups for demographics, injury profile, CT imaging (eg Rotterdam CT score) and outcomes with bivariate analysis. Thirty-day follow-up telephone calls were performed to re-evaluate RLA for persistent ECI and concussion symptoms.ResultsFrom 62 patients with ICH or skull fracture and mTBI, 21 (33.9%) had ECI. Patients with ECI had a higher incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (85.7% vs 46.3%, p = 0.003) and higher Rotterdam CT score (p = 0.004) compared with those without ECI. On 30-day follow-up, 6 of 21 (26.6%) patients had persistent ECI. In addition, 7 (33.3%) patients had continued concussion symptoms.ConclusionsMore than one-third of mTBI patients with ICH had ECI. At 30-day postdischarge follow-up, more than one-fourth of these patients had persistent ECI and 33% had concussion symptoms. This highlights the importance of identifying ECI before discharge as a significant portion may have ongoing difficulties reintegrating into work and society.Copyright © 2024 by the American College of Surgeons. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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