• Olina Dagher, Jehangir J Appoo, Eric Herget, Rony Atoui, Cristian Baeza, William Brinkman, John Bozinovski, ChuMichael W AMWADivision of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada., Francois Dagenais, Philippe Demers, Nimesh Desai, Ismail El-Hamamsy, Anthony Estrera, Juan B Grau, G Chad Hughes, Arminder Jassar, Puja Kachroo, Kevin Lachapelle, Maral Ouzounian, Himanshu J Patel, Zlatko Pozeg, Elaine Tseng, Richard Whitlock, Ming Hao Guo, and Munir Boodhwani.
• Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
• J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2024 Apr 29.

ObjectivesTraditional criterion for intervention on an asymptomatic ascending aortic aneurysm has been a maximal aortic diameter of 5.5 cm or more. The 2022 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association aortic guidelines adopted cross-sectional aortic area/height ratio, aortic size index, and aortic height index as alternate parameters for surgical intervention. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of using these newer indices on patient eligibility for surgical intervention in a prospective, multicenter cohort with moderate-sized ascending aortic aneurysms between 5.0 and 5.4 cm.MethodsPatients enrolled from 2018 to 2023 in the randomization or registry arms of the multicenter trial, Treatment In Thoracic Aortic aNeurysm: Surgery versus Surveillance, were included in the study. Clinical data were captured prospectively in an online database. Imaging data were derived from a core computed laboratory.ResultsAmong the 329 included patients, 20% were female. Mean age was 65.0 ± 11.6 years, and mean maximal aortic diameter was 50.8 ± 3.9 mm. In the one-third of all patients (n = 109) who met any 1 of the 3 criteria (ie, aortic size index ≥3.08 cm/m2, aortic height index ≥3.21 cm/m, or cross-sectional aortic area/height ≥ 10 cm2/m), their mean maximal aortic diameter was 52.5 ± 0.52 mm. Alternate criteria were most commonly met in women compared with men: 20% versus 2% for aortic size index (P < .001), 39% versus 5% for aortic height index (P < .001), and 39% versus 21% for cross-sectional aortic area/height (P = .002), respectively.ConclusionsOne-third of patients in Treatment In Thoracic Aortic aNeurysm: Surgery versus Surveillance would meet criteria for surgical intervention based on novel parameters versus the classic definition of diameter 5.5 cm or more. Surgical thresholds for aortic size index, aortic height index, or cross-sectional aortic area/height ratio are more likely to be met in female patients compared with male patients.Copyright © 2024 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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