• Rafael Y Brzezinski, Asaf Wasserman, Noa Sasson, Moshe Stark, Ilana Goldiner, Ori Rogowski, Shlomo Berliner, and Ori Argov.
• Internal Medicine "C" and "E", Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: brzezinski@mail.tau.ac.il.
• Am. J. Med. 2024 Sep 1; 137 (9): 865871.e1865-871.e1.

BackgroundSerum ferritin is usually measured in the presence of anemia or in suspected iron overload syndromes. Ferritin is also an acute-phase protein that is elevated during systemic inflammation. However, the prognostic value of routinely measuring ferritin upon admission to a medical facility is not clear. Therefore, we examined the association between ferritin concentrations measured at the time of hospital admission with 30-day and long-term mortality.MethodsWe obtained routine ferritin measurements taken within 24 hours of admission in 2859 patients hospitalized in an internal medicine department. Multiple clinical and laboratory parameters were used to assess the association between ferritin and overall mortality during a median follow-up of 15 months (interquartile range [IQR] 8-22).ResultsFerritin levels were associated with increased 30-day mortality rates (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.06) for each 100 ng/mL increase. Patients with intermediate (78-220 ng/mL) and high (>221 ng/mL) ferritin concentrations (2nd and 3rd tertiles) had higher 30-day mortality rates even after adjustment for age, sex, and existing comorbidities (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.70-2.5). Long-term overall mortality rates demonstrated a similar pattern across ferritin tertiles (hazard ratio [HR] 1.54, 95% CI 1.39-1.71).ConclusionsRoutine admission ferritin concentrations are linearly and independently correlated with excess mortality risk in hospitalized patients, even those with apparently "normal" ferritin concentrations (<300 mg/mL). Thus, low-grade ferritinemia might not be an innocent finding in the context of the inflammatory response. Its potential biological and therapeutic implications warrant future research.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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