• Medicine · May 2024

    Observational Study

    Causes and outcomes of non-chemotherapy induced neutropenic fever in hospitalized adults: An observational study.

    • Kyle G Crooker, Eleanor R Stedman, Juvena R Hitt, Bradley J Tompkins, and Allen B Repp.
    • Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT.
    • Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 May 3; 103 (18): e38060e38060.

    AbstractNeutropenic fever in adults undergoing chemotherapy for cancer treatment is a medical emergency and has been the focus of numerous studies. However, there is a paucity of data about non-chemotherapy induced neutropenic fever (non-CINF). We retrospectively reviewed 383 adults with neutropenic fever hospitalized at one academic medical center between October 2015 and September 2020 to characterize the frequency, causes, and outcomes of non-CINF. Twenty-six percent of cases of neutropenic fever were non-chemotherapy induced. Among these, the major causes of neutropenia were hematologic malignancy, infection, and rheumatologic disease, and the major causes of fever were infections. Patients with non-CINF had a higher 30-day mortality than those with chemotherapy induced neutropenic fever (25% vs 13%, P = .01). Non-CINF constituted > 25% of neutropenic fever events in hospitalized adults and was associated with a high mortality rate.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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