• Rongyu Hua, Guanmian Liang, and Fangying Yang.
• Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 May 10; 103 (19): e38196e38196.

BackgroundThere have been various clinical studies on the effect of dietary inflammatory index (DII) on circulating inflammatory biomarkers, but the findings from these are contradictory. The aim of the present study was to clarify any association.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library database were searched for relevant studies from inception February 2021. There were no language restrictions. Two investigators independently selected eligible studies. Measures of association were pooled by using an inverse-variance weighted random-effects model. The heterogeneity among studies was examined using the I2 index. Publication bias, sensitivity and subgroup analyses were also performed.ResultsA total of 13 cross-sectional studies were identified, involving 54,813 participants. The adjusted pooled OR of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels for the highest (the most pro-inflammatory diet) versus lowest (the most anti-inflammatory diet) DII categories was 1.25 (95% CI: 1.18-1.32; I2  = 59.4%, P = .002). Subgroup analyses suggested the main source of study heterogeneity was the geographic area (Asia, Europe, or USA) and CRP levels (>3 mg/L or others). This finding was remarkably robust in the sensitivity analysis.ConclusionThe meta-analysis suggests that more pro-inflammatory DII scores were positively associated with CRP, the DII scores can be useful to assess the diet inflammatory properties and its association with low-grade inflammation.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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