• Xiaoya Tong, Yan Ran, Jingjing Da, Ying Hu, Jing Yuan, and Yan Rui.
• College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 May 10; 103 (19): e38111e38111.

BackgroundArteriovenous fistula stenosis can directly lead to the formation of autologous arteriovenous fistula aneurysms (AVFAs), but the coexistence of true and pseudoaneurysms is relatively rare. The coexistence of true and pseudoaneurysms increases the risk of rupture of the arteriovenous fistula and complicates subsequent surgical intervention, potentially posing a threat to the patient's life, and thus requires significant attention.Case PresentationThe patient presented with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) after hemodialysis 6 years ago. 2 years ago, the patient presented with a mass that had formed near the left forearm arteriovenous fistula and gradually increased in size. Preoperatively, the AVF stenosis was identified as the cause of the mass formation, and the patient was operated on. First, the blood flow was controlled to reduce the pressure at the aneurysm, and then the incision was enlarged to separate the AVF anastomosis from the mass area. The stenotic segment of the true and pseudo aneurysms and cephalic vein was removed and the over-dilated proximal cephalic vein was locally narrowed and subsequently anastomosed with the proximal radial artery to create AVF. The patient was dialyzed with an internal fistula the next day and showed no clinical manifestations related to end-limb ischemia.ConclusionWe removed a true pseudoaneurysm in AVF and secured the patient's vascular access. This report provides an effective strategy to manage this condition.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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