• Wanhui Dong, Mingxing Wang, Pei Zhu, Qingming Sun, and Dezhen Wu.
• Department of Medical Oncology, Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui province, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 May 10; 103 (19): e38106e38106.

RationaleRecombinant human endostatin (Endostar) is extensively utilized in China for the clinical management of patients with driver gene-negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at stage TNM IV. This report describes the case of a lung cancer patient treated exclusively with Endostar maintenance therapy, who experienced a rapid deterioration in respiratory function.Patient ConcernsThe case involved a patient with a pathologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the left lung, treated in our department. Following 1 month of albumin-bound paclitaxel chemotherapy and localized radiotherapy for the left lung lesion, the patient initiated treatment with a single agent, Endostar 30mg, on October 19, 2021. The medication was administered via intravenous infusion over a 7 days.DiagnosisOn October 23, 2021, the patient exhibited symptoms of chest constriction, discomfort, coughing, and sputum production. By October 28, the patient presented with pronounced dyspnea and respiratory distress. An emergency CT scan detected pericardial tamponade and significant deviations in several blood parameters from pretreatment values.InterventionsPercardial puncture and catheter drainage were recommended as therapeutic intervention.OutcomesConsidering the patient advanced age, the patient and their family opted to refuse this medical procedure, leading to the patient unfortunate demise on November 2, 2021.LessonsMedical professionals should remain vigilant for the potential, albeit rare, risk of Endostar inducing acute pericardial tamponade, a severe and potentially fatal complication.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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