• Tiago Paiva Prudente, Ricardo Mesquita Camelo, Rafael Alves Guimarães, and RobertiMaria do Rosário FerrazMDRF0000-0001-9453-2128MD, PhD. Physician, Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia (GO), Brazil; Physician, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Goiás (SES/GERAT), Goiânia (GO), Brazil..
• Medical student, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia (GO), Brazil.
• Sao Paulo Med J. 2024 Jan 1; 142 (5): e2023102e2023102.

BackgroundUntil recently, the treatment of people with hemophilia A and inhibitors (PwHAi) was based on the use of bypassing agents (BPA). However, the advent of emicizumab as prophylaxis has demonstrated promising results.ObjectivesWe aimed to compare the bleeding endpoints between PwHAi on BPA and those on emicizumab prophylaxis.Design And SettingSystematic review of interventions and meta-analysis conducted at the Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.MethodsThe CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Scopus, and LILACS databases were searched on February 21, 2023. Two authors conducted the literature search, publication selection, and data extraction. The selected publications evaluated the bleeding endpoints between PwHAi on emicizumab prophylaxis and those on BPA prophylaxis. The risk of bias was evaluated according to the Joanna Briggs Institute criteria. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the annualized bleeding rate (ABR) for treated bleeds.ResultsFive publications (56 PwHAi) were selected from the 543 retrieved records. Overall, bleeding endpoints were lower during emicizumab prophylaxis than during BPA prophylaxis. All the publications had at least one risk of bias. The only common parameter for the meta-analysis was the ABR for treated bleeds. During emicizumab prophylaxis, the ABR for treated bleeds was lower than during BPA prophylaxis (standard mean difference: -1.58; 95% confidence interval -2.50, -0.66, P = 0.0008; I2 = 68.4%, P = 0.0031).ConclusionEmicizumab was superior to BPA in bleeding prophylaxis in PwHAi. However, both the small population size and potential risk of bias should be considered when evaluating these results.Systematic Review RegistrationCRD42021278726, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=278726.

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