• Shawn D Aaron, Katherine L Vandemheen, G Alex Whitmore, Celine Bergeron, Louis-Philippe Boulet, Andréanne Côté, R Andrew McIvor, Erika Penz, Stephen K Field, Catherine Lemière, Irvin Mayers, Mohit Bhutani, Tanweer Azher, M Diane Lougheed, Samir Gupta, Nicole Ezer, Christopher J Licskai, Paul Hernandez, Martha Ainslie, Gonzalo G Alvarez, Sunita Mulpuru, and UCAP Investigators.
• From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.D.A., K.L.V., G.G.A., S.M.), the Desautels Faculty of Management (G.A.W.) and the Department of Medicine (N.E.), McGill University, and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montreal (C.L.), Montreal, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (C.B.), Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Laval, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (L.-P.B., A.C.), Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (R.A.M.), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (E.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (S.K.F.), the Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton (I.M., M.B.), the Department of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON (M.D.L.), the Department of Medicine and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.G.), the Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London (C.J.L.), the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (P.H.), and the Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (M.A.) - all in Canada.
• N. Engl. J. Med. 2024 Jun 13; 390 (22): 206120732061-2073.

BackgroundMany persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma have not received a diagnosis, so their respiratory symptoms remain largely untreated.MethodsWe used a case-finding method to identify adults in the community with respiratory symptoms without diagnosed lung disease. Participants who were found to have undiagnosed COPD or asthma on spirometry were enrolled in a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial to determine whether early diagnosis and treatment reduces health care utilization for respiratory illness and improves health outcomes. Participants were assigned to receive the intervention (evaluation by a pulmonologist and an asthma-COPD educator who were instructed to initiate guideline-based care) or usual care by their primary care practitioner. The primary outcome was the annualized rate of participant-initiated health care utilization for respiratory illness. Secondary outcomes included changes from baseline to 1 year in disease-specific quality of life, as assessed with the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ; scores range from 0 to 100, with lower scores indicating better health status); symptom burden, as assessed with the COPD Assessment Test (CAT; scores range from 0 to 40, with lower scores indicating better health status); and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1).ResultsOf 38,353 persons interviewed, 595 were found to have undiagnosed COPD or asthma and 508 underwent randomization: 253 were assigned to the intervention group and 255 to the usual-care group. The annualized rate of a primary-outcome event was lower in the intervention group than in the usual-care group (0.53 vs. 1.12 events per person-year; incidence rate ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36 to 0.63; P<0.001). At 12 months, the SGRQ score was lower than the baseline score by 10.2 points in the intervention group and by 6.8 points in the usual-care group (difference, -3.5 points; 95% CI, -6.0 to -0.9), and the CAT score was lower than the baseline score by 3.8 points and 2.6 points, respectively (difference, -1.3 points; 95% CI, -2.4 to -0.1). The FEV1 increased by 119 ml in the intervention group and by 22 ml in the usual-care group (difference, 94 ml; 95% CI, 50 to 138). The incidence of adverse events was similar in the trial groups.ConclusionsIn this trial in which a strategy was used to identify adults in the community with undiagnosed asthma or COPD, those who received pulmonologist-directed treatment had less subsequent health care utilization for respiratory illness than those who received usual care. (Funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research; UCAP ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03148210.).Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society.

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