• José Rubén Huerta Osnaya, Vicente Gonzalez Carranza, Fernando Chico-Ponce de León, Fernando Pérez-Escamirosa, and Daniel Lorias-Espinoza.
• Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Sección de Bioelectrónica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), México, Mexico.
• World Neurosurg. 2024 Aug 1; 188: e213e222e213-e222.

BackgroundThe SpineST-01 system is an image-guided vertebrae cannulation training system. During task execution, the computer calculates performance-based metrics displaying different visual perspectives (lateral view, axial view, anteroposterior view) with the position of the instrument inside the vertebra. Finally, a report with the metrics is generated as performance feedback.MethodsA training box holds a 3D printed spine section. The computer works with 2 orthogonally disposed cameras, tracking passive markers placed on the instrument. Eight metrics were proposed to evaluate the execution of the surgical task. A preliminary study with 25 participants divided into 3 groups (12 novices, 10 intermediates, and 3 expert) was conducted to determine the feasibility of the system and to evaluate and assess the performance differences of each group using Kruskal-Wallis analysis and Mann-Whitney U analysis. In both analyses, a P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsWhen comparing experts versus novices and all 3 groups, statistical analysis showed significant differences in 6 of the 8 metrics: axial angle error (°), lateral angle error (°), average speed (mm/second), progress between shots (mm), Time (seconds), and shots. The metrics that did not show any statistically significant difference were time between shots (seconds), and speed between shots (mm/second). Also, the average result comparison placed the experts as the best performance group.ConclusionsInitial testing of the SpineST-01 demonstrated potential for the system to practice image-guided cannulation tasks on lumbar vertebrae. Results showed objective differences between experts, intermediates, and novices in the proposed metrics, making this system a feasible option for developing basic navigation system skills without the risk of radiation exposure and objectively evaluating task performance.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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