• Intern Emerg Med · Sep 2024

    Risk of early clinical deterioration and 30-day mortality in pulmonary embolism intermediate-high-risk patients with patent foramen ovale.

    • Marco Zuin, Gianluca Rigatelli, Claudio Bilato, Amedeo Bongarzoni, Pietro Zonzin, Franco Casazza, and Loris Roncon.
    • Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44124, Ferrara, Italy. zuinml@yahoo.it.
    • Intern Emerg Med. 2024 Sep 1; 19 (6): 163716441637-1644.

    AbstractWe assess the prognostic role of patent foramen ovale (PFO) for the estimation of 30-day mortality and risk of 48-h clinical deterioration since admission, in intermediate-high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) patients. A post-hoc analysis of intermediate-high-risk PE patients enrolled in the Italian Pulmonary Embolism Registry (IPER) (Trial registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01604538) was performed. The entire cohort was divided according to the presence or absence of PFO after transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) evaluation. Among 450 intermediate-high-risk PE patients (mean age 71.4 ± 13.8 years, 298 males), PFO was diagnosed in 68 (15.1%) cases. A higher mortality rate (29.4% vs. 3.1%, p < 0.001) as well as occurrence of clinical deterioration within 48 h from admission (38.2% vs. 3.6%, p < 0.001) were observed in intermediate-high-risk PE patients with PFO compared to those without multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the presence of a PFO predicts 30-day mortality (HR: 3.21, 95% CI 3.16-3.27, p < 0.001) and was also associated with a significantly higher risk of 48-h clinical deterioration [HR: 2.24 (95% CI 2.20-2.29), p < 0.0001] in intermediate-high-risk PE patients. The presence of a PFO in intermediate-high-risk PE patients is associated with a higher risk of clinical deterioration within 48 h from admission and 30-day mortality.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Medicina Interna (SIMI).

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