• Lisa Pagano, James E Sharman, Rose Nash, Laura Sutton, Shaun Donovan, Daniel Owens, Leigh Murfett, Sheridan Heathcote, Gudrun Wells, Yvonne Zurynski, Mitchell Sarkies, and Niamh Chapman.
• Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
• J Eval Clin Pract. 2024 Oct 1; 30 (7): 123912501239-1250.

BackgroundPathology services represent an ideal setting to integrate absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk estimation when patients attend for routine cholesterol testing. This study aimed to explore the process of implementing CVD risk estimation into point-of-care service delivery by pathology staff to inform future implementation and sustainability.MethodsA new service for CVD risk estimation via a self-directed screening station was implemented into 14 pathology service sites across Tasmania, Australia. Before implementation, observations at pathology services (n = 26) and semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 26 pathology staff (88% female, 77% aged 41-60 years) to identify factors that could impact implementation of the service. The process of implementation was then evaluated using participant observations and clinical trial recruitment data. Transcripts and field notes were analysed thematically according to the Medical Research Council Framework and used to develop a programme logic model to understand how the service could be adapted to be successfully integrated into routine workflow at pathology services.ResultsEight key themes were identified during the pre-implementation phase as important factors that could impact upon integration of CVD risk estimation into pathology services. Themes related to factors within the organisation, including available resources, logistics and workflow, as well as having sufficient time to complete the intervention. Additional factors related to the individual motivations of staff, collaborative leadership and patient characteristics. Success of implementation varied among sites, requiring the trialling of different strategies to support uptake of the service and patient recruitment.ConclusionsImplementing CVD risk estimation into point-of-care pathology services required an understanding of the core implementation components specific to each context, and for implementation strategies to be targeted to the individual and organisational contexts. The generated programme logic model may be useful in guiding future implementation endeavours within these services and aiding the selection of apt implementation strategies.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04896021, registered 19/05/2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04896021.© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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