• Ali Aminian, Hamlet Gasoyan, Alexander Zajichek, Mohammad Hesam Alavi, Nicholas J Casacchia, Rickesha Wilson, Xiaoxi Feng, Ricard Corcelles, Stacy A Brethauer, Philip R Schauer, Matthew Kroh, Raul J Rosenthal, Jonathan J Taliercio, Emilio D Poggio, Steven E Nissen, and Michael B Rothberg.
• Department of General Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
• Ann. Surg. 2024 Sep 1; 280 (3): 414423414-423.

ObjectiveTo examine the renoprotective effects of metabolic surgery in patients with established chronic kidney disease (CKD).BackgroundThe impact of metabolic surgery compared with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) in patients with established CKD has not been fully characterized.MethodsPatients with obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m 2 ), type 2 diabetes, and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 20-60 mL/min/1.73 m² who underwent metabolic bariatric surgery at a large US health system (2010-2017) were compared with nonsurgical patients who continuously received GLP-1RA. The primary end point was CKD progression, defined as a decline of eGFR by ≥50% or to <15 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , initiation of dialysis, or kidney transplant. The secondary end point was the incident kidney failure (eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , dialysis, or kidney transplant) or all-cause mortality.Results425 patients, including 183 patients in the metabolic surgery group and 242 patients in the GLP-1RA group, with a median follow-up of 5.8 years (IQR, 4.4-7.6), were analyzed. The cumulative incidence of the primary end point at 8 years was 21.7% (95% CI: 12.2-30.6) in the surgical group and 45.1% (95% CI: 27.7 to 58.4) in the nonsurgical group, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.40 (95% CI: 0.21 to 0.76), P =0.006. The cumulative incidence of the secondary composite end point at 8 years was 24.0% (95% CI: 14.1 to 33.2) in the surgical group and 43.8% (95% CI: 28.1 to 56.1) in the nonsurgical group, with an adjusted HR of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.31 to 0.99), P =0.048.ConclusionsAmong patients with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and established CKD, metabolic surgery, compared with GLP-1RA, was significantly associated with a 60% lower risk of progression of kidney impairment and a 44% lower risk of kidney failure or death. Metabolic surgery should be considered as a therapeutic option for patients with CKD and obesity.Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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