Pheochromocytoma. Preoperative approach.

Medicina clinica · Sep 2024

Review

Pheochromocytoma. Preoperative approach.

Pheochromocytomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that derive from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and secrete catecholamines. The measurement of plasma or fractionated urine metanephrines is the hormonal determination of choice for the biochemical diagnosis. Once the biochemical diagnosis is confirmed, the next step is the localization study. ⋯ Once the diagnostic study is completed, preoperative treatment with alpha blockers should be instituted at least 7-14 days before adrenalectomy. However, in low-risk patients, the omission of presurgical treatment could be considered if the surgery is performed in centers with experience and a strict monitoring of the patient is carried out during the perioperative period. This document offers a practical guide on the diagnosis and perioperative approach in patients with pheochromocytomas.

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- Marta Araujo-Castro.
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal e Instituto de Investigación Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, España. Electronic address: marta.araujo@salud.madrid.org.
- Med Clin (Barc). 2024 Sep 27; 163 (6): 294300294-300.
AbstractPheochromocytomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that derive from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and secrete catecholamines. The measurement of plasma or fractionated urine metanephrines is the hormonal determination of choice for the biochemical diagnosis. Once the biochemical diagnosis is confirmed, the next step is the localization study. It is recommended to request a genetic study in all patients with pheochromocytomas since 40% of cases are hereditary. Once the diagnostic study is completed, preoperative treatment with alpha blockers should be instituted at least 7-14 days before adrenalectomy. However, in low-risk patients, the omission of presurgical treatment could be considered if the surgery is performed in centers with experience and a strict monitoring of the patient is carried out during the perioperative period. This document offers a practical guide on the diagnosis and perioperative approach in patients with pheochromocytomas.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

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Pheochromocytoma. Preoperative approach.

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