• Aleksander Dombrowski, Kristen Curtis, Steven Wisniewski, Julie Nichols, Laken Irish, Soufian Almahameed, Ohad Ziv, Joseph S Piktel, Kenneth R Laurita, and Lance D Wilson.
• The Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Emergency Medicine, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
• Resuscitation. 2024 Aug 1; 201: 110270110270.

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest (CA) is associated with increased short-term mortality. However, whether this is because AF adversely affects early resuscitation success, causes post-resuscitation morbidity, or because it is a marker for patient co-morbidities, remains unclear. We aimed to determine the prevalence of AF in patients with ROSC to test the hypothesis that AF is associated with increased risk of rearrest and to determine its impact on mortality and stroke risk.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of emergency medical services patients with OHCA and ROSC. To examine long-term morbidity and mortality due to AF, an additional observational cohort analysis was performed using a large electronic health record (EHR) database.ResultsOne hundred nineteen patients with ROSC prior to ED arrival were identified. AF was observed in 39 (33%) of patients. Rearrest was not different between AF and no AF groups (44% vs. 41%, p = 0.94). In the EHR analysis, mortality at one year in patients who developed AF was 59% vs. 39% in no AF patients. Odds of stroke was 5x greater in AF patients (p < 0.001), with the majority not anticoagulated (93%, p < 0.001) and comorbidities were greater p < 0.001).ConclusionsAF was common following ROSC and not associated with rearrest. AF after CA was associated with increased mortality and stroke risk. These data suggest rhythm control for AF in the immediate post-ROSC period is not warranted; however, vigilance is required for patients who develop persistent AF, particularly with regards to stroke risk and prevention.Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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