• J. Investig. Med. · Oct 2024

    Review

    EXPRESS: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Management of Cardiac Amyloidosis.

    • Zubair Bashir, Adnan Younus, Saud Dhillon, Amail Kasi, and Syed Bukhari.
    • Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
    • J. Investig. Med. 2024 Oct 1; 72 (7): 620632620-632.

    AbstractCardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an infiltrative restrictive cardiomyopathy caused by the deposition of amyloid fibrils in the myocardium. It manifests in two primary subtypes: transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR) and immunoglobulin light chain cardiac amyloidosis (AL). ATTR is further classified into wild-type and hereditary based on transthyretin gene mutation. Advances in diagnostics and therapeutics have transformed CA from a rare and untreatable condition to a more prevalent and manageable disease. Noninvasive diagnostic tools such as electrocardiography, echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance can raise suspicion for CA; bone scintigraphy can non-invasively confirm ATTR, while AL necessitates histological confirmation. The severity of ATTR and AL can be assessed through serum biomarker-based staging. Treatment approaches differ, ranging from silencing or stabilizing transthyretin and degrading amyloid fibrils in ATTR to employing anti-plasma cell therapies and autologous stem cell transplantation in AL.

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