• Jordan D Philpott, K Marco Rodriguez Hovnanian, Margaret Stefater-Richards, Nilesh M Mehta, and Enid E Martinez.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Critical Care, Boston Children's Hospital.
• Curr Opin Crit Care. 2024 Aug 1; 30 (4): 290297290-297.

Purpose Of ReviewGastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction limits enteral nutrition (EN) delivery in critical illness and contributes to systemic inflammation. The enteroendocrine (EE) axis plays an integral role in this interface between nutrition, inflammation, and GI function in critical illness. In this review, we present an overview of the EE system with a focus on its role in GI inflammation and function.Recent FindingsEnteroendocrine cells have been primarily described in their role in macronutrient digestion and absorption. Recent research has expanded on the diverse functions of EE cells including their ability to sense microbial peptides and metabolites and regulate immune function and inflammation. Therefore, EE cells may be both affected by and contribute to many pathophysiologic states and interventions of critical illness such as dysbiosis , inflammation, and alternative EN strategies. In this review, we present an overview of EE cells including their growing role in nonnutrient functions and integrate this understanding into relevant aspects of critical illness with a focus on EN.SummaryThe EE system is key in maintaining GI homeostasis in critical illness, and how it is impacted and contributes to outcomes in the setting of dysbiosis , inflammation and different feeding strategies in critical illness should be considered.Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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