• Marco Pérez Cáceres, Alexandre Gauvin, Félix Dumais, and Christian Iorio-Morin.
• Department of Radiology, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. Electronic address: marco.perez.caceres@umontreal.ca.
• World Neurosurg. 2024 Sep 1; 189: 193200193-200.

BackgroundThanks to the proliferation of open-source tools, we are seeing an exponential growth of machine-learning applications, and its integration has become more accessible, particularly for segmentation tools in neuroimaging.MethodsThis article explores a generalized methodology that harnesses these tools and aims/enables to expedite and enhance the reproducibility of clinical research. Herein, critical considerations include hardware, software, neural network training strategies, and data labeling guidelines. More specifically, we advocate an iterative approach to model training and transfer learning, focusing on internal validation and outlier handling early in the labeling process and fine-tuning later.ResultsThe iterative refinement process allows experts to intervene and improve model reliability while cutting down on their time spent in manual work. A seamless integration of the final model's predictions into clinical research is proposed to ensure standardized and reproducible results.ConclusionsIn short, this article provides a comprehensive framework for accelerating research using machine-learning techniques for image segmentation.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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