• Robin Lu, Andrew Gregory, Rahul Suryadevara, Zhonghui Xu, Dhawal Jain, Jarrett D Morrow, Brian D Hobbs, Jeong H Yun, Noah Lichtblau, Robert Chase, Jeffrey L Curtis, Maor Sauler, Brian J Bartholmai, Edwin K Silverman, Craig P Hersh, Peter J Castaldi, Adel Boueiz, and COPDGene investigators.
• Brigham and Women's Hospital, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
• Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2024 Jun 27.

RationaleWhile many studies have examined gene expression in lung tissue, the gene regulatory processes underlying emphysema are still not well understood. Finding efficient non-imaging screening methods and disease-modifying therapies has been challenging, but knowledge of the transcriptomic features of emphysema may help in this effort.ObjectivesOur goals were to identify emphysema-associated biological pathways through transcriptomic analysis of bulk lung tissue, to determine the lung cell types in which these emphysema-associated pathways are altered, and to detect unique and overlapping transcriptomic signatures in blood and lung samples.MethodsUsing RNA-sequencing data from 446 samples in the Lung Tissue Research Consortium (LTRC) and 3,606 blood samples from the COPDGene study, we examined the transcriptomic features of chest computed tomography-quantified emphysema. We also leveraged publicly available lung single-cell RNA-sequencing data to identify cell types showing COPD-associated differential expression of the emphysema pathways found in the bulk analyses.Measurements And Main ResultsIn the bulk lung RNA-seq analysis, 1,087 differentially expressed genes and 34 dysregulated pathways were significantly associated with emphysema. We observed alternative splicing of several genes and increased activity in pluripotency and cell barrier function pathways. Lung tissue and blood samples shared differentially expressed genes and biological pathways. Multiple lung cell types displayed dysregulation of epithelial barrier function pathways, and distinct pathway activities were observed among various macrophage subpopulations.ConclusionsThis study identified emphysema-related changes in gene expression and alternative splicing, cell-type specific dysregulated pathways, and instances of shared pathway dysregulation between blood and lung.

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