• Jose F Figueroa, Ciara Duggan, Jessica Phelan, Luke Ang, Florence Ebem, Jacqueline Chu, E John Orav, and Emily P Hyle.
• Department of Health Policy & Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA. jfigueroa@hsph.harvard.edu.
• J Gen Intern Med. 2024 Sep 1; 39 (12): 219622052196-2205.

BackgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for all people with HIV. Understanding ART use among Medicare beneficiaries with HIV is therefore critically important for improving quality and equity of care among the growing population of older adults with HIV. However, a comprehensive national evaluation of filled ART prescriptions among Medicare beneficiaries is lacking.ObjectiveTo examine trends in ART use among Medicare beneficiaries with HIV from 2013 to 2019 and to evaluate whether racial and ethnic disparities in ART use are narrowing over time.DesignRetrospective observational study.SubjectsTraditional Medicare beneficiaries with Part D living with HIV in 2013-2019.Main MeasuresMonths of filled ART prescriptions each year.Key ResultsCompared with beneficiaries not on ART, beneficiaries on ART were younger, less likely to be Black (41.6% vs. 47.0%), and more likely to be Hispanic (13.1% vs. 9.7%). While the share of beneficiaries who filled ART prescriptions for 10 + months/year improved (+ 0.48 percentage points/year [p.p.y.], 95% CI 0.34-0.63, p < 0.001), 25.8% of beneficiaries did not fill ART for 10 + months in 2019. Between 2013 and 2019, the proportion of beneficiaries who filled ART for 10 + months improved for Black beneficiaries (65.8 to 70.3%, + 0.66 p.p.y., 95% CI 0.43-0.89, p < 0.001) and White beneficiaries (74.8 to 77.4%, + 0.38 p.p.y.; 95% CI 0.19-0.58, p < 0.001), while remaining stable for Hispanic beneficiaries (74.5 to 75.0%, + 0.12 p.p.y., 95% CI - 0.24-0.49, p = 0.51). Although Black-White disparities in ART use narrowed over time, the share of beneficiaries who filled ART prescriptions for 10 + months/year was significantly lower among Black beneficiaries relative to White beneficiaries each year.ConclusionsART use improved from 2013 to 2019 among Medicare beneficiaries with HIV. However, about 25% of beneficiaries did not consistently fill ART prescriptions within a given year. Despite declining differences between Black and White beneficiaries, concerning disparities in ART use persist.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Society of General Internal Medicine.

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