• Thomas J Stocker, Christian Besler, Hendrik Treede, and Jörg Hausleiter.
• Department of Cardiology, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
• Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2024 Aug 23; 121 (17): 551558551-558.

BackgroundIt is estimated that 6% of persons over age 75 have clinically relevant tricuspid regurgitation (TR). This condition carries a high mortality and is of particular interest because of the recent development of new interventional treatments.MethodsThis review is based on publications that were retrieved by a selective search in the PubMed database for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, registry studies, expert recommendations, and current international guidelines.ResultsThe evidence reveals that TR is an independent cause of mortality. Mortality is correlated with the severity of TR: approximately 35% of patients with severe TR and right heart failure die within 1 year, and about 60% within 3 years. The clinical course varies depending on the etiology (primary TR, atrial/ventricular secondary TR, association with pacemaker systems). In the outpatient setting, timely diagnosis by transthoracic echocardiography is crucial. The options for pharmacotherapy are essentially limited to diuretic treatment (grade 2a recommendation). Early referral to a specialized heart valve center is essential for the prevention of irreversible damage of the right heart and secondary end-organ damage, including cardiohepatic and cardiorenal syndromes. In the heart valve center, an extended diagnostic evaluation with multimodal imaging is followed by a case discussion by the interdisciplinary cardiac team, with individual evaluation of the treatment options. The first randomized controlled trial of treatment for TR yielded a win ratio of 1.48 (95% confidence interval, [1.06; 2.13]) for interventional treatment (edge-to-edge repair) compared to optimal medical therapy.ConclusionAs the understanding of tricuspid regurgitation improves, strategies for its interventional treatment are undergoing steady development, with the aim of lowering the mortality of this condition.

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