• Junjie Huang, Wing Sze Pang, Yat Ching Fung, Fung Yu Mak, Sze Chai Chan, Xianjing Liu, Lin Zhang, Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno, Wanghong Xu, Zhi-Jie Zheng, Marco Moschini, Benjamin Pradere, Francesco Soria, Dmitry Enikeev, Morgan Roupret, Shahrokh Shariat, Anthony Chi-Fai Ng, Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh, and WongMartin C SMCSJockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. wong_martin@cuhk.edu.hk.Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, The Chine.
• Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
• Bmc Med. 2024 Jun 24; 22 (1): 264264.

BackgroundUreteral cancer is a rare cancer. This study aimed to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis on the global trends of ureteral cancer incidence and its association with lifestyle and metabolic risk factors.MethodsThe incidence of ureteral cancer was estimated from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus and Global Cancer Observatory databases. We analyzed the (1) global incidence of ureteral cancer by region, country, sex, and age group by age-standardized rates (ASR); (2) associated risk factors on a population level by univariable linear regression with logarithm transformation; and (3) incidence trend of ureteral cancer by sex and age group in different countries by Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC).ResultsThe global age-standardized rate of ureteral cancer incidence in 2022 was 22.3 per 10,000,000 people. Regions with higher human development index (HDI), such as Europe, Northern America, and East Asia, were found to have a higher incidence of ureteral cancer. Higher HDI and gross domestic product (GDP) and a higher prevalence of smoking, alcohol drinking, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and lipid disorder were associated with higher incidence of ureteral cancer. An overall increasing trend of ureteral cancer incidence was observed for the past decade, especially among the female population.ConclusionsAlthough ureteral cancer was relatively rare, the number of cases reported was rising over the world. The rising trends among females were more evident compared with the other subgroups, especially in European countries. Further studies could be conducted to examine the reasons behind these epidemiological changes and confirm the relationship with the risk factors identified.© 2024. The Author(s).

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