• Afsheen Mahmood, Fawad Rahim, Said Amin, and Mohammad Noor.
• Afsheen Mahmood, FCPS. Department of Medicine, Medical Teaching Institute, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan.
• Pak J Med Sci. 2024 Jul 1; 40 (6): 121912241219-1224.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the epidemiology, clinical features, and complications of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella typhi (XDR S. typhi) infection in adults.MethodThis cross-sectional study enrolled adults with culture-proven XDR S. typhi admitted to Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from 1st March to 10th September 2022. Their demographic characteristics, clinical features, treatment, and complications were recorded.ResultsOut of 84 patients, 68 (80.9%) were male. The mean age of enrolled patients was 25.2 ± 11.3 years. The mean duration of fever at the time of admission was 13.6 ± 8.2 days, respectively. The most common symptom was loose stools (n=25, 29.8%). Most of the patients (n=69, 82.1%) had received empirical treatment before hospitalization. The majority of the patients (n=42, 50%) received meropenem and a combination of meropenem and azithromycin (n=35, 41.7%) during the study. The time to defervescence for both regimens was similar. Five patients (6%) developed complications of enteric fever. There was no mortality among the participants.ConclusionsDiarrhea was the most common associated clinical feature in XDR typhoid fever. Most of the patients received meropenem alone or in combination with azithromycin with a comparable time to defervescence. The majority of the patients recovered uneventfully and there was no mortality among the study participants.Copyright: © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.

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