• Seval Yılmaz Ergani, Müjde Can İbanoğlu, Ayberk Çakır, Çağlayan Ateş, Gökcen Örgül, Nazan Vanlı Tonyalı, Özge Yücel Çelik, and Dilek Şahin.
• Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health Training and Research Hospital, Department of Perinatology - Ankara, Turkey.
• Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2024 Jan 1; 70 (7): e20231723e20231723.

ObjectiveWe aimed to compare the etiology and perinatal outcomes of non-immune hydrops fetalis diagnosed early- and late-onset at our hospital.MethodsThe records of the patients who applied to our department were reviewed, and we reached 42 non-immune hydrops fetalis cases retrospectively and examined the medical records. Hydrops diagnosis week, birth week, accompanying anomalies, and perinatal outcomes were compared as ≤12 weeks (early-onset) and >12 weeks (late-onset).ResultsThe prevalence of non-immune hydrops fetalis was 0.05%, and the median week of diagnosis for hydrops was 18 weeks. Consanguinity (16.7%) was found in seven pregnancies, and the other seven patients (16.7%) had a history of hydrops in previous pregnancies. Anomalies of the skeletal system, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal tract accounted for 66.7% of ≤12 weeks in non-immune hydrops fetalis cases. Cardiac abnormalities were more common (26.7%) in patients at > 12 weeks (p=0.078). A statistically significant difference was found between the distribution of week of birth and week of diagnosis (p=0.029). Notably, 66.7% of patients diagnosed before week 12 and 23.3% of patients diagnosed after week 12 delivered their babies before week 24. Spontaneous intrauterine death occurred before week 12 in 45.5% (n=5) of non-immune hydrops fetalis and after week 12 in 39.1% (n=9) of non-immune hydrops fetalis. Notably, 69.2% (n=9) of the patients who had prenatal invasive testing resulted in normal karyotype.ConclusionIn this study, most of the fetuses diagnosed with early-onset non-immune hydrops fetalis were born in the first 24 weeks. Additionally, live birth rates and cardiac anomalies were observed to be higher in late-onset non-immune hydrops fetalis.

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